Calculate skin depth δ = √(2ρ/(ωμ)) = √(ρ/(πfμ)). Copper at 60 Hz: δ = 8.5 mm; at 1 MHz: 0.066 mm. Above this depth, current density reduces to 1/e. Effective conductor resistance at high frequency.
2D stress state at a point. All stresses in MPa.
Enter the values for the patient or scenario you are assessing. Calculate skin depth δ = √(2ρ/(ωμ)) = √(ρ/(πfμ)). Copper at 60 Hz: δ = 8.5 mm; at 1 MHz: 0.066 mm. Above this depth, current density reduces to 1/e. Effective conductor resistance at high frequency. Use the skin effect result to inform your clinical assessment.