Should I use average or marginal emission factors for renewables?

Marginal emission factor (MEF) is theoretically correct for new renewable energy — it represents the fossil plant that is actually displaced. MEF is typically 20-50% higher than average grid EF because the marginal plant is usually a gas peaker, not the grid average mix.

How much CO2 does 1 MWh of solar displace in the US?

Using average US grid (0.386 kg CO2/kWh): 386 kg CO2/MWh. Using marginal EF (gas peaker at 0.45-0.55 kg CO2/kWh): 450-550 kg CO2/MWh. A 10 kW solar system generating 14,000 kWh/year displaces 5.4-7.7 tonnes CO2/year.

How does storage change renewable energy carbon accounting?

Storage time-shifts renewable generation from surplus periods to peak demand periods, increasing the marginal carbon displacement because the grid is more carbon-intensive at peak times. Storage + renewables together can achieve 2-3x higher CO2 displacement per MWh than renewables alone in some markets.

Renewable Energy Carbon Displacement Calculator

Calculate CO2 emissions displaced by renewable energy generation based on marginal grid emission factor. Compare with average grid intensity for proper accounting.

2D stress state at a point. All stresses in MPa.

σx — Normal Stress X (MPa)

σy — Normal Stress Y (MPa)

τxy — Shear Stress (MPa)

⚙ Mechanical Note: Results are based on standard textbook formulas and ISO/AASHTO references. Always verify critical designs with applicable codes (ISO 898, AASHTO 1993, AISC, Eurocode 3) and a qualified engineer.

How It Works

Calculate CO2 emissions displaced by renewable energy generation based on marginal grid emission factor. Compare with average grid intensity for proper accounting

Each component has a specific meaning:

Marginal grid emission factor — The marginal grid emission factor recorded for the patient or scenario being assessed.

Note: Interpret the renewable carbon displacement result against the clinical thresholds and context described above.

How to Use

Enter the marginal grid emission factor for the patient or scenario you are assessing. Calculate CO2 emissions displaced by renewable energy generation based on marginal grid emission factor. Compare with average grid intensity for proper accounting. Use the renewable carbon displacement result to inform your clinical assessment.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Should I use average or marginal emission factors for renewables?

How much CO2 does 1 MWh of solar displace in the US?

How does storage change renewable energy carbon accounting?