Estimates time to emergence by anesthetic agent: Desflurane (context-sensitive half-life ~5 min) — fastest emergence; Sevoflurane (~10–15 min); Isoflurane (~20–30 min); Propofol TIVA (~5–10 min); Ketamine (~15–20 min after dissociative dose). Influenced by duration, depth, patient age, BMI, and opioid co-administration.
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