What is the role of APOL1 in hypertensive nephrosclerosis?

APOL1 G1/G2 high-risk genotypes (2 risk alleles) increase CKD risk 7-10 fold and are associated with FSGS and hypertension-attributed ESRD. APOL1 testing helps identify at-risk patients before advanced CKD.

What histological features define hypertensive nephrosclerosis?

H-nephrosclerosis: arteriolar hyalinosis, arteriosclerosis, global glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. FSGS lesions are secondary (H-FSGS). Must distinguish from primary FSGS.

Is biopsy needed to diagnose hypertensive nephrosclerosis?

Biopsy is not always required when clinical features are classic (long-standing hypertension, bland urine, slow GFR decline, no major proteinuria). Biopsy is warranted when features are atypical.

Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis H-FSGS Probability

Estimate probability of hypertensive nephrosclerosis vs other CKD causes in patients using APOL1 genotype and histological H-FSGS pattern for risk stratification.

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Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis H-FSGS Probability

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the role of APOL1 in hypertensive nephrosclerosis?

What histological features define hypertensive nephrosclerosis?

Is biopsy needed to diagnose hypertensive nephrosclerosis?