Estimates surgical blood loss: weighing sponges (1 g ≈ 1 mL blood), canister volume minus irrigation, visual estimation by procedure type. Typical blood loss: appendectomy 50–100 mL, cholecystectomy 100–200 mL, bowel resection 200–500 mL, hip replacement 200–500 mL, Whipple 500–1500 mL.
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