What is the expected bone density for athletes?

Athletes in weight-bearing and impact sports should have Z-scores of 0 to +2 compared to age-matched peers. Z-score below -1 in an impact athlete indicates unexpectedly low BMD and warrants investigation for RED-S or hormonal causes.

What sports are at risk for low bone density despite high activity?

Cycling and swimming (no impact loading), gymnastics with low body weight, and any sport with amenorrhea or low energy availability. Distance running without adequate calcium intake is also a risk.

Bone Mineral Density Athlete Threshold and Z-Score Calculator

Assess athlete bone mineral density using DXA Z-scores. Athletes expected to be Z+1 or higher. Z-score below -1 in a strength or impact sport athlete is abnormal and warrants RED-S screening.

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Bone Mineral Density Athlete Threshold and Z-Score Calculator

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the expected bone density for athletes?

What sports are at risk for low bone density despite high activity?