What clinical risk factors does FRAX include?

FRAX includes: age, sex, BMI, prior fragility fracture, parental hip fracture, current smoking, glucocorticoid use, rheumatoid arthritis, secondary osteoporosis causes, alcohol 3+ units/day, and optionally femoral neck BMD T-score.

What are the FRAX treatment thresholds?

The US National Osteoporosis Foundation recommends treatment when: prior hip or vertebral fracture, T-score at or below -2.5 (osteoporosis), or low bone mass (T-score -1 to -2.5) with FRAX 10-year major osteoporotic fracture probability at or above 20% or hip fracture at or above 3%.

What are the limitations of FRAX?

FRAX does not account for falls risk, fracture history details (number, recency), dose of glucocorticoids, lumbar spine BMD, bone turnover markers, or prior treatment. It may underestimate risk in those on glucocorticoids.

FRAX 10-Year Fracture Probability

Estimate 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture using FRAX tool incorporating age, sex, BMI, clinical risk factors, and optionally femoral neck BMD T-score.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What clinical risk factors does FRAX include?

What are the FRAX treatment thresholds?

What are the limitations of FRAX?