3 free robotics calculators and tools. Solve real-world robotics problems instantly with accurate, step-by-step results on ApexCalc.
| Constant | Symbol | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Speed of light | c | 2.99792458×10⁸ |
| Planck's constant | h | 6.62607015×10⁻³‴ |
| Boltzmann constant | kʙ | 1.380649×10⁻²³ |
| Avogadro's number | Nₐ | 6.02214076×10²³ |
| Gravitational constant | G | 6.6743×10⁻¹¹ |
| Gas constant | R | 8.31446 |
| Elementary charge | e | 1.602176634×10⁻¹⁹ |
| Electron mass | mₑ | 9.1093837015×10⁻³¹ |
| Proton mass | mₚ | 1.67262192369×10⁻²⁷ |
| Fine-structure constant | α | 7.2973525693×10⁻³ |
Calculate forward and inverse kinematics for 2-DOF and 3-DOF robotic arms using Denavit-Hartenberg parameters and geometric methods.
Calculate required servo motor torque for robotic joints considering load, arm length, gravity, acceleration, and friction.
Calculate optimal PID controller gains (Kp, Ki, Kd) using Ziegler-Nichols and Cohen-Coon tuning rules.