What AREDS categories predict progression to advanced AMD?

AREDS: Category 1 (no AMD, <5 risk factors): 0.5% 5yr; Category 2 (early): 1.3%; Category 3 (intermediate: large drusen or any advanced AMD in fellow eye): 18%; Category 4 (one advanced AMD eye): 43%; supplement benefit only in categories 3-4.

What AREDS2 formula replaced the original AREDS formula?

AREDS2 (2013) replaced beta-carotene with lutein 10 mg + zeaxanthin 2 mg (beta-carotene increased lung cancer risk in smokers); zinc dose lowered from 80 mg to 25 mg optional; vitamins C and E unchanged.

What anti-VEGF agents are used for wet AMD?

Ranibizumab (Lucentis), bevacizumab (Avastin, off-label), aflibercept (Eylea), brolucizumab (Beovu), and faricimab (Vabysmo) for neovascular AMD; treat-and-extend is standard protocol with intervals up to 16 weeks.

What OCT findings indicate wet AMD activity?

Intraretinal fluid (IRF) and subretinal fluid (SRF) on OCT indicate active neovascular disease; SRF alone may be tolerated with some protocols; IRF with BCVA loss always requires anti-VEGF injection.

What is geographic atrophy (dry AMD end-stage) treatment?

Pegcetacoplan (Syfovre) and avacincaptad pegol (Izervay) are complement pathway inhibitors approved for GA in 2023; intravitreal injection every 1-2 months; reduce GA growth rate by 20-36% but do not restore vision.

Macular Degeneration AREDS2 Supplement Benefit Calculator

Calculates 5-year risk of progression to advanced AMD using AREDS categories, drusen size and area, pigment abnormalities, and AREDS2 supplementation (AREDS2 = Vit C 500mg, Vit E 400IU, Lutein 10mg, Zeaxanthin 2mg, Zinc 80mg).

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